The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past Marseille in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net in the opening stages.
Yet, the southern French side struck two times late to take a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.